Check out this new article on the 3N model of radicalisation.
Scholars have identified several social-psychological factors that explain why people embrace conspiracy theories, such as personality traits (low agreeableness, openness), schizotypy, and authoritarianism. Moreover, they argue that conspiracy theories have a motivational function, satisfying people’s desires for understanding, control, and security, as well as promoting positive views of themselves and their in-groups.
According to the 3N model of radicalization, conspiracy theories and narratives satisfy people’s need for significance, i.e., the need to feel respected, valued, and socially relevant. When the need for significance is dominant, individuals seek validation from a social network, leading them to adopt narratives that are turned into a shared reality by their in-groups. Violence occurs when the network-supported narrative justifies the use of violence as a means to gain respect and self-worth.
To address the spread of conspiracy theories, policymakers and communities should focus on the underlying social-psychological factors that lead people to embrace such beliefs. They must promote critical thinking, media literacy, and digital citizenship, as well as reduce social and economic inequality, which can fuel feelings of powerlessness and existential anxiety. They must also address the need for significance by promoting social inclusion, identity affirmation, and positive self-image. By doing so, we can reduce the appeal of conspiracy theories and their potential to incite violence and political turmoil.